高海拔地区农牧民收入调查报告

为了解高海拔农牧民收入状况，2009—2014 年通过实地走访，对西藏自治区拉萨市当雄县郭庆村179 户牧民进行跟踪调查，调查内容包括当雄县郭庆村牧民牲畜养殖情况、家庭劳动力人数及人均年收入等。结果表明，整体上牧民收入和牲畜存栏量在不断增加，但从人均可支配收入的分布可知中低收入群体占比较重。根据这些收入现状问题，提出促进草原畜牧业的提质增效以及增加低收入人群的劳动就业率等建议。     

北京生态涵养区农民增收长效机制研究

介绍了北京生态涵养区农民增收的基本情况,分析了制约农民增收的主要原因,并提出了促进生态涵养区农民增收的长效机制。     

Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.     

欠发达地区农村“收入倍增计划”实践路径浅析

"收入倍增计划"是党的"十八大"所提出的目标,即"到2020年实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番"的宏伟目标。作为欠发达的农村地区,怎样实现"收入倍增计划"这一目标是一项艰巨而重大的历史课题。文章以"立足基层、用活政策、激发活力、服务农民"为宗旨,研究其经济现状和发展潜力,探析未来发展新路径,在找准难题中破解难题,为欠发达地区农村实现"收入倍增计划"目标提供理论和实践参考,具有重大的社会价值和现实意义。     

Evidence of sedimentation inequality along riparian areas colonised by Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam)

Soil loss from riparian areas supporting the annual invasive weed, Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam), was measured and compared with equivalent values recorded at nearby, topographically similar areas supporting perennial vegetation over a cumulative seven-year period, along sections of two separate river systems; one in Switzerland, and one in the UK. Soil loss from colonised locations was significantly greater than from reference locations in four of the seven measurement periods. Despite contrasting results, standard deviations, based on soil losses and gains, were predominantly higher for colonised areas at both rivers over most monitoring periods. These findings indicated that areas colonised by Himalayan balsam experience higher sediment flux in comparison with areas free of invasion. Here, we test those original interpretations by reinterrogating the datasets using a more robust analysis of inequality. Nine datasets were tested, five of which (i.e. 56%) showed that sediment flux was significantly greater at Himalayan balsam-invaded areas than at reference areas. Three datasets showed no difference in sediment flux between invaded and reference areas (33%), and one (11%) showed higher sediment flux at reference areas. Most results uphold our original interpretations and support our hypothesis that hydrochory probably dictates where colonisation initially occurs, by depositing Himalayan balsam seeds in slack or depressional areas along river margins. Once Himalayan balsam becomes established and sufficient perennial vegetation is displaced, seasonal die-off and depleted vegetation cover may increase the risk that some areas will experience significantly higher sediment flux.     

土地权利、经济收入与农户农业生产行为激励—以四川什邡和新疆生产建设兵团的对比分析为例

在农户收入多元化背景下，以实地调研问卷为基础，对比分析四川和新疆农户将劳动力投入农业生产的差异，并运用多元回归模型进行实证分析。研究发现：随着市场经济的不断深化，农户家庭自身拥有了更大的经营自主权，随着农业经济收入在总收入中所占比重的不断下降，导致土地产出对于农户的重要性程度下降，进一步使得土地产权激励作用下降，是农业生产出现徘徊的根本原因。因此通过降低务农和外出务工的劳动力边际收入差，农户倾向于将更多的生产要素投入农业生产。     

常利率通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型

考虑常利率及通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型,运用鞅方法得到破产概率满足的Lundberg不等式和一般公式,当保费和索赔服从指数分布和混合指数分布时,得到破产概率的精确表达式。     

我国收入分配不合理现状的成因分析与对策思考

在今年“两会”上通过的“十一五”规划纲要中明确提出:“加快推进收入分配制度改革”和“更加注重社会公平”。表述中增加了“加快”和“更加”加以强调,于是,改革收入分配制度的紧迫性和重要性凸显出来。本论文就目前我国收入分配的基本现状以及产生收入分配不合理的成因展开论述,并就如何改善我国收入分配不合理的现状提出相应对策。     

The geography of the wages: Chinese cities 1989 and 1997

Improving national average income and reducing regional income inequality often serve as dual goals of economic development in a country. After over twenty years of economic reforms, China has been fairly successful in achieving the first goal, but failed in the second. This paper uses recent data with a sharper resolution to examine the variation of average wages across Chinese cities 1989–1997. Widening wage inequalities across cities are observed during the period. This research also seeks to explain the variation of wages between cities by factors such as agglomeration (density and city size), location advantages (distances from central cities and from the coastline), educational attainment, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy. Many of the factors are found to be important in explaining wage differences in Western countries but are yet to be tested in China. Some factors such as distance from the coast, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy are considered because of China’s unique social and economic systems.     

Descending Dimension Algorithm of Nolinear Programming Problem with Linear Inequality Constraints

The general nonlinear programming with linear constraints was investigated. In the algorithm, the method of contributing set was used. Comparing with the general contributing set method, the descending dimension method was used to solve the sub-problem with equality constraints in iterative procedure and the problem with inequality constraints. The algorithm is effective by the numerical test. Finally, it was proved that the iteration points are descending, when the objective functions are convex.